Petroleum Distillation Plant (Oil Distillation/Refinery Plant)
Petroleum, oily, flammable liquid that occurs naturally in deposits, usually beneath the surface of the earth; it is also called crude oil. It consists principally of a mixture of hydrocarbons, with traces of various nitrogenous and sulfurous compounds. Crude oil is one of the most valuable commodities in the world, but only after it has been refined into petroleum products. Crude oil refining is a key transformation step in the Midstream Sector of the oil and gas value chain because it adds commercial value to the oil by transforming it into many different marketable products. While just about every country in the world depends on oil, not all countries produce it. The top five oil producing countries are: Saudi Arabia, Russia, United States, Iran, and China. It is important to note that the term production here refers to crude oil extracted from oil reserves. The top five oil consuming countries are: United States, China, Japan, Russia, and Germany. The physical properties and exact chemical composition of crude oil varies from one locality to another. The different hydrocarbon components of petroleum are dissolved natural gas, gasoline, benzene, naphtha, kerosene, diesel fuel and light heating oils, heavy heating oils, and finally tars of various. Chemical Composition: Carbon 83.0 to 87.0% Hydrogen 10.0 to 14.0 % Sulphur 0.05 to 6.0 % Nitrogen 0.1 to 2.0 % Oxygen 0.05 to 1.5 % Metals 0.00 to 0.14 %